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Pyracantha coccinea
''Pyracantha coccinea'', the scarlet firethorn is the European species of firethorn that has been cultivated in gardens since the late 16th century.〔Alice M. Coats, ''Garden Shrubs and Their Histories'' (1964) 1992, ''s.v.'' "Pyracantha" notes that it does not appear in John Gerard's ''Herball'' of 1597 but was in gardens before 1629, when John Parkinson mentions it, as the "ever greene Hawthorne or prickly Corall tree".〕 The tree has small white flowers. It produces small, bright red berries. The fruit is bitter and astringent, making it inedible when raw. The fruit can be cooked to make jellies, jams, sauces and marmalade. It ranges from southern Europe to western Asia. It has been introduced to North America and cultivated there as an ornamental plant since the 18th century.
In England, since the late of 18th century, it was used to cover unsightly walls.〔Coats (1964) 1992.〕
==''Pyracantha coccinea lalandei''==
About 1874 M. Lalande, a nurseryman in Angers, France, selected from seedlings of ''P. coccinea'' an improved form, more freely berrying than the type. A sport has produced a yellow-berried form. These, and further selections, have largely ousted the ordinary form from nursery stock.〔Coats (1964) 1992.〕
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